One of the most critical yet often overlooked aspects of vehicle safety is the “BRAKE TRIANGLE.”
This essential concept comprises three key components:
The brake system is arguably the most vital part of any vehicle. Imagine driving down the road and approaching a stop sign. You press your foot on the brake pedal, but nothing happens. How would the vehicle stop, and what could happen?
Modern vehicles are marvels of complexity, with thousands of interconnected parts working together to ensure a safe and comfortable ride. But let’s focus on the braking system’s components:
- Brake Pads: Among the most crucial brake parts, brake pads make direct contact with the vehicle’s brake rotors or drums. They apply pressure and friction, slowing down the rotating wheels and bringing the vehicle to a stop.
Brake fluid plays a vital role in ensuring proper brake system function. Here are some key points:
- High Temperatures: Brake fluid operates under extreme temperatures. It must have a high boiling point to prevent vaporization within the brake lines. Vaporization leads to brake failure, as vapor is highly compressible compared to liquid.
- Glycol-Ether-Based Fluids: Most modern brake fluids are glycol-ether based (such as DOT 3, 4, and 5). These fluids are hygroscopic, meaning they absorb moisture from the atmosphere. In wet climates, this moisture absorption becomes more pronounced.
- Viscosity Matters: Reliable brake-system operation depends on the fluid’s viscosity—the thickness or resistance to flow. Incorrect viscosity can have fatal consequences, especially in vehicles equipped with anti-lock braking systems (ABS), traction control, or stability control (ESP).
- Consistent Brake-Pedal Feel: Brake fluid should maintain low compressibility. Whether you’ve been driving all day or just started your vehicle, the pedal should feel consistent. Increased compressibility leads to a different brake-pedal experience.
- Water Content: Over time, brake fluid can absorb water. After a year of service, the average vehicle’s brake fluid may contain up to two percent water. After several years, this can increase to seven to eight percent. Excessive water content lowers the boiling point and raises the risk of vapor lock, potentially causing hydraulic brake-system failure.
Shock absorbers serve two primary purposes:
- Tire Grip: They help keep the tires firmly planted on the ground, especially during braking. Proper tire contact enhances safety and stability.
- Passenger Comfort: Shock absorbers also contribute to passenger comfort by minimising vibrations and jolts.
The shock absorber often overlooked unless it malfunctions but that is extremely noticeable when it happens. Common signs of a failing shock include:
- A longer stopping time.
- A vibrating steering wheel after hitting a bump.
- A tapping or rattling sound as the vehicle drives over bumps.
- Increased body leans in corners.
- Nosedive when braking hard.
- Uneven Tyre wear.
- Fluid running down the side of the shock absorbers.
- The vehicle does not settle down as quickly as it used to after hitting a bump.
- The vehicle ‘bottoms out’ the suspension when hitting a bump.
Worn-out shock absorbers can seriously jeopardise safety. They make it harder to control a vehicle when it swerves in an emergency and harder to stop, especially on bumpy surfaces
Remember, neglecting any part of the brake triangle can compromise safety. Regular inspections and maintenance are essential to keep your vehicle’s braking system in top condition.